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#Hepatitis a transmission oysters skin#

Diagnosis is made by the detection of HAV-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies in the blood or HAV ribonucleic acid (RNA) by test using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Cases of hepatitis A are clinically indistinguishable from other types of acute viral hepatitis.

The virus can also be transmitted through close personal contact with an infectious person, including sexual contact and not limited to anal-oral contact.

Therefore, hepatitis A can be acquired by eating contaminated shellfish (especially oysters, clams, mussels and scallops) that has not been thoroughly cooked, or by drinking contaminated water without proper handling.

The virus can survive in water for more than 12 months and in food for more than a few days.

HAV is transmitted primarily by the faecal-oral route that is when an uninfected person ingests or contacts the food, water or objects that has been contaminated with the faeces of an infected person.

Please click here for the statistics from the Centre for Health Protection. Hepatitis A is a notifiable infectious disease.In 2016, an upsurge of HAV infection among men who have sex with men was noted.There was an outbreak of hepatitis A in 1992, resulting in 3 626 reported cases and 4 deaths.The annual number of reported cases of hepatitis A fell from over 1 000 in 1988 to less than a hundred on average in recent years. Infection rates of hepatitis A is low in Hong Kong.Hepatitis A does not cause chronic liver disease. People recovered from hepatitis A usually develop lifelong immunity against the infection.In rare cases, hepatitis A may lead to liver failure and even death.

Most patients have a complete recovery.Recovery from symptoms may take several weeks or months. Adults have signs and symptoms of illness more often than children, and the severity of disease increases in older age groups.

#Hepatitis a transmission oysters skin#

People with hepatitis A may be asymptomatic, while some may have clinical features similar to other types of hepatitis, such as fever, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, upper abdominal discomfort, tea-coloured urine and jaundice (yellowing discolouration of the skin and sclera of the eyes).The incubation period is usually 14 - 28 days.Hepatitis A is a liver disease caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV), which can lead to acute hepatitis.